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Misraq Gashamo ("East Gashamo") is one of the woredas in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Degehabur Zone, Misraq Gashamo is bordered on the south by the Werder Zone, on the southwest by Gunagadow, on the west by Aware, and on the north by Somalia; it is frequently considered part of the Haud. Towns in Misraq Gashamo include Gashamo and Gowelele. Before 1960, there was no water available during the dry season in Misraq Gashamo; the pastures in the woreda were traditionally abandoned by the local nomadic pastoralists for areas with abundant water with the advent of the dry season, like Burco in Somaliland. In the years after 1960 the construction of private ''birkas'' (underground concrete water tanks), which greatly increased after 1970; by 1998 there were 128 clusters of ''birkas'', each cluster corresponding to the number of permanent or semi-permanent settlements in the woreda. By the 1980s, pastoralists grazing in Misraq Gashamo had all but stopped the trek to Burco and other wells in the dry season. While this allowed the area that was previously grazed mainly in the wet season to now be grazed throughout the dry season, it has also led to a serious decline in the native species most favored for fodder and grazing in this woreda.〔("Changing Pastoralism in the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State (Region 5)" ), UNDP Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia report, dated 30 May 1998 (accessed 22 December 20080〕 == Demographics == Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this woreda has a total population of 95,191, of whom 52,645 are men and 42,546 women. While 6,659 or 7% are urban inhabitants, a further 20,583 or 21.62% are pastoralists. 98.72% of the population said they were Muslim.〔(Census 2007 Tables: Somali Region ), Tables 2.1, 2.4, 3.1 and 3.4.〕 This woreda is primarily inhabited by the Habar Yoonis, one of the Isaaq clans of the Somali people.〔(Report on Mission to Haud Area, Region 5 ), UNDP Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia report, dated 15 November 1994 (accessed 20 December 2008)〕 The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 72,574, of whom 39,596 were men and 32,978 were women; 5,231 or 7.21% were urban inhabitants. The largest ethnic group reported in Misraq Gashamo was the Somali people (99.98%).〔(''1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results for Somali Region'', Vol. 1 ), Tables 2.1, 2.7, 2.12, 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Misraq Gashamo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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